The Damaging Effects of Acid Rain essays

The Damaging Effects of Acid Rain articles Present day society is turning out to be overpowered with extraordinary measures of contamination from vehicles, plants and an excess of trash. The colossal measures of sulfur dioxide discharged into the air causes elevated levels of corrosive in the climate. At the point when this sulphuric corrosive is ingested into dampness noticeable all around, strong rainfalls can be harming to the outside condition. Corrosive downpour is annihilating the world=s lakes, air and environment. Corrosive downpour is executing lakes and diminishing the quantity of occupants in these new water bodies. Corrosive downpour causes a plentiful derivation in the pH levels in the water. At an unbiased level the pH in water ought to be near seven, yet in these acidic water bodies the pH levels can be as low as four. These pH levels of four contain in excess of 10% acids than that of ordinary downpour and one thousand times more corrosive than impartial water. Every decade the pH levels of lakes around Ontario have become multiple times increasingly acidic. The high corrosive levels contained in lakes additionally causes an abatement in the quantity of fish staying in these lakes. Additionally Aacid produces compound changes in the blood of the fish, and their fundamental body digestion is altered@ (Howard Corrosive downpour causes air quality to decay. As in water, a ... <!

Justin Leung Essays (390 words) - Education, Sexuality And Society

Justin Leung 3/11/17 The debate behind the oversight of books holds numerous perspectives. Books have been upgrading understudies perception of cutting edge writing and presented them to a degree of development that makes a superior individual of value. Despite what might be expected, guardians have been contending to class authorities and organization about certain understanding material and substance being hostile and upsetting to numerous understudies. From a positive perspective, books exemplifying contention are a decent method to open understudies and youthful perusers to the world at an alternate arrangement of eyes to the one as grown-ups and adults see it. The reality remains that numerous understudies consider these to be as off-base and incapable in exemplifying a slid progress into another world and level of development. This, books maintaining debate ought to be edited and restricted. Books of dubious properties and sentiments ought to be prohibited and blue-penciled. For example, the content of the article Book-Banning Now states, Most every now and again, books are tested on the grounds that they contain foulness or brutality, sex or sex training, homosexuality, black magic, and the new age' ways of thinking, depictions of defiant kids, or politically off base, bigot, or misogynist language. This shows how these books of discussion hold many progressed and off base thoughts that are freely accessible and effectively open for understudies to acquire and abuse for improper conduct. What's more, the content of Some FAQ About First Amendments expressed, However state funded school understudies do have First alteration opportunities, the courts permit school authorities to manage particular kinds of understudy articulation. For instance, school authorities may preclude discourse that generously disturbs the school condition or that attacks the privileges of others. N umerous courts have held that school authorities can limit understudy discourse that is indecent. This demonstrates understudy's free articulation and access to a wide range of books may will in general lead to interruption and center in a learning domain not exclusively to the understudies yet everyone around them just as the educator driving the class. All in all, schools should boycott and blue pencil dubious understanding material and substance. Despite the fact that these sorts of books can uncertainly permit understudies to grasp a universe of development, this eventually winds up in a larger part of understudies who abuse the free and community to that kind of material and misuse the substance in improper conduct and activity in schools and outside schools.

Jeff Santos Essays - Ethics, Criminal Law, Law, Codes Of Conduct

Jeff Santos 2/12/2018 Western Civilization Prof. Lurie Lex Talionis The Law of Reciprocity Lex talionis is a standard code that is found in the Babylonian law that says whereby a discipline takes after the offense submitted in kind and degree. It was believed that on the off chance that the general public was not complied with this law, at that point individuals would consistently hope to look for retribution on the individuals who hurt them. Now and again, it would prompt somebody's passing or devastation of one's family. That is if and just if the two were inside a similar economic wellbeing. Because of the entirety of this, Lex talionis is thought of or deciphered as Hammurabi's (1792-1750 BC) most loved line tit for tat or a tooth for a tooth. Hammurabi was one of the children during the First Babylonian Dynasty. Lex talionis additionally adheres to the law of careful correspondence and a case of this is if somebody somehow happened to go to slaughter someone else, at that point the criminal will be rebuffed by having their life taken in kind for murdering the other. T his can likewise be deciphered as law of counter. That being stated, a passing doesn't generally follow another demise. For whatever length of time that the reprisal is extremely negligible in the wrongdoing, essentially anything is fine. For example, rather than a discipline prompting another demise, the criminal will pay an aggregate esteemed of the existence he took and proceed onward with his life. Clearly, these sorts of cases are bound to happen as the cutting edge continues, where tit for tat gets old. Albeit exact discipline was the favored route back in the Mesopotamian Era, tit for tat was not generally the right style of going about it. As I would like to think there ought to have been exceptional types of correspondence as opposed to managing wrongdoings with more violations. Nonetheless, I do concur that discipline for a wrongdoing is an unquestionable requirement, yet they ought to fluctuate contingent upon the seriousness and the conditions of the wrongdoing itself. While parts may feel that Lex talionis will be there control to relax the crime percentages, it can likewise set up dread into the general public where any easily overlooked detail can be culpable to the full outrageous that the law upholds. To include, an individual in force may likewise assume control over issues and accept activities however they see fit. Lex talionis has an amazingly meager line that doesn't give you much game-plan after a wrongdoing is submitted. There ought to be some sort of adaptability in the degree of wrongdoings and discipline. Does murder and taking or lying have a similar discipline as one another? Murder and taking are two entirely unexpected wrongdoings so where the line in the sand ought to be drawn? Much of the time the line was not drawn however for me all violations ought to be made a decision about dependent on the seriousness of the wrongdoing and the conditions of discipline ought to change. Including top sorts of wrongdoings, as per the Bible a falsehood is a transgression which would imply that lying would be a potential genuine discipline. So as to keep one from lying is to just cut their tongue off. Everybody has lied sooner or later of their life so all things considered, everybody in the town would stroll around without a tongue. Something else you need to consider is imagine a scenario where it was a youngster playing out the demonstration of lying or taking. On account of taking, at times they don't probably won't have known any better. So I don't get this' meaning? Do they get their hand cut off simply like the rest? The youngster has done nothing to be placed into the circumstance yet it was just constrained into it on account of the general public it lives in. In the kid's case, rather than mutilation, a superior choice might be to return what was taken. As I would like to think you ought to rebuff the youngster with some sort of work on the grounds that typic ally kids have a low hard working attitude and they would prefer not to work for anything particularly when they don't receive anything consequently. All things considered, a kid or young lady with an inability will do nothing but bad for anybody.

Effect of Morning Shows in Pakistan

Impact of Morning Shows in Pakistan Effect of Morning Shows on Housewife Unique: The examination is intending to discover the effect of Morning Shows on Housewife. The scientist has discovered relationship among viewership and impact of Morning appears on Housewife. The Researcher pick this subject as Morning shows are getting mainstream in our general public and considering the significance of Morning shows and females connection with the characters of various VIPs. The analyst utilized review technique to gauge the impact and effect of Morning appears on housewives. As study method is a compelling method to discover people’s conduct. There has been seen a substantial viewership of Morning Shows and a more prominent impact over housewife’s. Unreasonable impact of Morning Shows on Housewife of center is likewise observed. Impact in culture, language, relationship and strict practices is seen. Housewife’s watch these Morning Shows and are getting impacted by the craftsman as per their psychological comprehension. Housewives are the ones who raise the general public and assume a job in country building. There is an inordinate viewership of Morning Shows and more noteworthy change on Housewife’s in Pakistani Society Presentation: TV programs is a significant component of media. Media has been viewed as a change specialist of socialization. Media mirrors the general public and Society needs to rely upon media for the satisfaction of its different needs. As significant aggregate wellsprings of data and pictures, the media perform numerous capacities and server various individual needs. Media give a connect to the bigger society. Broad communications and society connection alludes to the information we as a whole have from our own long experine4nces with media which empowers us to comprehend what is happening, how a medium may fit into our day by day lives, how its substance is proposed to be â€Å"study† sorts and instances of substance and considerably more. Tim O’ Sulligvan, Brian Dutton and Philip Rayner compose say’s â€Å"Media by and large act to furnish their crowd with windows on the world or with meanings of social reality†. Verifiable in this sort of guarantee is the possibility that the media go about as an amazing offices equipped for molding and coordinating open and private understandings of the world and familiarity with its social, financial aspects, good, social, mechanical and political issues. (1) Normal These days Morning Shows are assuming a fundamental job in the general public, Theses shows are urging ladies to stick before TV sets overlooking the educative job. Morning Show are assuming a conspicuous job in underwriting and the obliviousness of family esteems and certifiable rights and duties of individuals on individual and aggregate level as a family. Wherever in these shows there are family legislative issues, issues, and exploitation stories, regularly little girl in law is focused on either emphatically or contrarily. Youths see individuals in shows that are lovely, extravagant extravagances way of life live in radiant homes, wear best garments and carry on with each conceivable ways of life in full self-rule and recurrence without judgment for any practices. They see them in various terms as indicated by their psychological level and get various implications from those shows. Normal for Selecting Housewife’s The specialist is focusing on Lahore City Housewife’s on the grounds that nearly are instructed, companion and have more prominent watcher boat of Morning appears. Then again Husbands should stare at the TV at home on end of the week or occasions in an unpredictable way. Proclamation of the Problem This examination is an endeavor to discover the effect of Morning appears on Lahori housewife’s and the impact they are getting in their day by day lives and shared connections. Research Objectives To discover the impact of Morning Shows on Lahori Housewife’s. To break down the impact of Morning Show on the way of life of Lahori Housewife’s. To examine whether the Morning shows are influencing the connections of Lahoris Housewife’s. To consider that effect of strict practices appeared in the Morning Shows over Islamic strict practices To see if the Morning Show are influencing or changing the lahories housewife’s social practices or not. Morning Shows are depicting helpful message to housewife’s or not. Research Question Research question are viewed as significant in any logical investigation, No exploration can be directed except if the examination question is picked and precisely and obviously characterized it merits some genuine thought. â€Å"A examine question is an officially expressed inquiry proposed to give sign about something, and it isn't restricted to researching connection between variables.† (wimmer, 1994). This exploration has been directed under the light of postulations examine questions: Are Housewife’s following a similar design such a cosmetics and gems appears in Morning appears? Is Morning shows influencing the language of Housewife’s? Is it advocated to have extra-conjugal relationship in a miserable hitched life? Are family undertakings in Morning shows influencing the connection between relatives? Are strict practices appeared in their Morning shows our strict practices? Essentialness The essentialness of choosing this subject is that females need to assume a job of a mother and houses spouse. They watch these shows and seeing them as indicated by their psychological levels and afterward additionally get various implications from those shows. Morning shows are thickly viewed and the explanation of considering this point is that it has a hurl viewership as contrasted and different shows. Females of Lahore remain at the time of having hopeful reasoning or dream about the fates. Our family arrangement is totally not the same as those shows in the Morning appears. Female viewed these Morning shows normally. They have unknowingly begun applying those jobs in their homes. Females of Lahore by these show and expect that they will likewise spend that sort of way of life. History of Morning appears Breakfast TV (Australia, Ireland, New Zealand and United Kingdom) or morning appear (Canada, Indonesia and United States), is a kind of infotainment TV program, communicate live in the first part of the day (regularly booked somewhere in the range of 6:00 and 10:00 a.m.). Frequently facilitated by a little group of hosts, morning shows commonly focus on the consolidated segment of individuals preparing for work and school, and stay-at-home grown-ups and guardians. The universes first breakfast/morning appear on national TV is Today, which set the pace for the TV classification and started broadcasting on January 14, 1952, on the U.S. broadcasting company NBC. For the following 60 years, the Today show was number one in the first part of the day evaluations for most by far of its run and since its beginning numerous different stations the world over followed NBCs lead and duplicated their effective organization. Moring Shows History in Pakistan Brilliant occasions were those when we have just one channel PTV. Individuals stood by frantically for their preferred shows that were communicated once in seven days. Around then one thing that we had was Standard. Standard substance was shown on TV and yes you can appreciate it with your family, with the course of time PTV presented its morning transmission that was Pakistan’s first morning appear. Along these lines, today we will examine the Morning Shows in Pakistan. Morning appears in Pakistan are disturbing their norms step by step. The fundamental reason for this show was data with amusement and prepping of the two children and their moms. These shows were scholarly ones and facilitated by Mentally Groomed grapples those individuals knew the morals and manners. Most critical thing is that they realized that they are communicating their selves on a national TV. Writing Review Writing Review is considered as one of the most significant advance in any examination procedure as it assists with removing the primary concerns, issues, discoveries and research strategies for past investigations. Writing audit fills in as a springboard for any examination. It is an orderly research and investigation of distributed data that authorize researchers and research have composed on a point. It is sorted out as indicated by the exploration goal, theory or the issue/issue that an analyst wishes to address. The purposed of writing survey is to recognize what sort of research has been done in the territory and what has been found in past examinations. As indicated by Wimmer and Dominick (1994), it not just permits to gain from (and inevitably add to) pervious research yet in addition spares time, exertion and cash. The survey of significant writing in an investigation achieves a few purposes: It causes the specialists to have a superior comprehension of his/her own examination by recognizing what information and thoughts have been built up on the point. It awards you the information in your general vicinity of center and lessens the odds of the duplication of thoughts. It assists with demonstrating the heading of your exploration extension to amplify the award of your examination endeavors. It assists with demonstrating the bearing of your exploration extension to amplify the prize of your examination endeavors. It imparts to the perusers, the aftereffect of different investigations that are firmly identified with the examination being accounted for and gives a structure to contrasting the consequences of an examination and different discoveries. It additionally gives a chance to the specialist to reword the issue into scientific and operational term unmistakably, strongly and liberated from ambiguities. The analyst has explored the examinations identified with Television for this section. So as to catch the crowd our morning shows have developed into something increasingly like a dramatization or a game show. Mainstream TV dramatization entertainer come, are facilitating a morning appear! The hosts are bouncing near and the stage is loaded with famous people and now and again we don't hear what any of them is stating aside from that Research have discovered somebody sitting and talking. One show had a young lady in a crate

How to Talk to a Therapist When You Have Social Anxiety

How to Talk to a Therapist When You Have Social Anxiety Social Anxiety Disorder Treatment and Therapy Print How to Talk to a Therapist When You Have Social Anxiety By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 21, 2020 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Ned Frisk / Getty Images It can be hard to talk openly with a therapist if you have social anxiety disorder (SAD). The reason that you are going to therapy is that you are afraid of people; and yet therapy requires you to open up and share your innermost feelings with a complete stranger. Particularly for those with generalized SAD, therapy may initially be as difficult as the social situations that you fear.?? It is a catch-22 that is somewhat of a unique problem that those with social anxiety face. Many people who enter therapy for the first time may have trouble opening up. This problem may be particularly severe for those with SAD. You may find it hard to confide during therapy sessions.You may be afraid to appear vulnerable, and your inability to trust someone else enough to open up could become a barrier to the successful completion of therapy.You may even feel like quitting, or actually quit going to sessions. Unfortunately, this problem plagues many who suffer from social anxiety. In addition, many people are too ashamed to tell their therapist how they are feeling, and so the anxiety is never resolved. What can you do if you are feeling this way? 6 Tips for Opening Up to Your Therapist When You Have Social Anxiety It is not an impossible situation. Below are some tips to help you better cope with opening up in therapy. Give It Time Although it may be difficult to imagine, over time you may become more comfortable with your therapist. This process may take several weeks or even months, but if the relationship is a good fit, it is possible that it will become easier to open up as time goes on. On the other hand, if you are in short-term therapy, or if there is a disconnect between you and your therapist, giving it more time may not make sense. Write Things Down If you find it easier to share feelings on paper than in person, consider writing down how you feel before a session and giving it to your therapist. Expressing your feelings in writing is a good way to initially feel safer in therapy, and may help you to more easily engage with your therapist as treatment progresses. What you write is up to you. It could be a list of topics to talk about, a journal of your thoughts for the week, or even a full letter explaining how you feel in detail. If you feel uncomfortable watching someone read what you have written, consider emailing it to your therapist before the session. Consider Online Therapy Online therapy is becoming more popular and for good reason: the ability to talk to someone in an email or chat format about personal issues instead of in-person is appealing to many.?? For those with SAD, it may be a better introduction to therapy than face-to-face encounters. For those who have started in-person therapy and quit prematurely because of anxiety, online therapy may be a particularly good alternative. Ultimately, engaging in online therapy may make it easier to eventually speak to a therapist in person. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs Join a Peer Support Group Although it may seem counter-intuitive to seek help in a group setting when you are afraid of people, peer support groups have many advantages for those with SAD. In a peer support group, you have the option of sitting and listening quietly without speaking. You can hear about how others have also been afraid to open up in therapy and how they overcame this obstacle. If you do decide to join a peer support group, make sure that it is one that is for people with social anxiety or that the group is sensitive to the challenges of people with SAD. Confess Your Anxiety If you have given it time, and you believe that your therapist is a good fit for you, it may be time to confess how you are feeling. Whether you do this in writing, by email, or in-person is up to you. What you need to do is come clean and tell your therapist that your social anxiety is getting in the way of you opening up in therapy sessions. Your therapists job is to help you work through these issues, and it is important that he knows what you are really feeling.?? You may be surprised at how telling the truth about your anxiety in therapy makes it easier to open up. Change Therapists What if you have done all of the above, and still dont feel comfortable? Sometimes, the match between a therapist and client just isnt a good fit. Questions to Ask Yourself Is your therapist warm and friendly?Does she encourage you or intimidate you?Is she knowledgeable about SAD or does she minimize your concerns? If there is something about your therapist that makes you uncomfortable, you may be better off with someone else. A Word From Verywell Although opening up in therapy is never easy for those with SAD, the rewards of doing so can be great. Find a therapist that you trust, give it enough time, write things down when you feel the need, and try to be as honest as you can about your feelings. Doing so will make the most of your time in therapy.

Marginal Rate of Substitution (MRS), Marginal Utility (MU), and How They Relate

Introduction Introduction In this post, I start off explaining the Marginal Rate of Substitution (Sections II-IV). Then, I cover the concept of Marginal Utility (Sections V-VII). In both cases, I start with a story explanation, then give a formal definition, and finally provide some other useful information about the concept. After that, I connect the two concepts (Marginal Utility and Marginal Rate of Substitution) and show how they relate mathematically, first without calculus (Section VIII) and then with calculus (Section IX). Finally, I demonstrate that the Marginal Rate of Substitution has an advantage over Marginal Utility in terms of describing preferences and behavior (Section X), because it is less sensitive to the exact utility function you choose to use! Story Explanation of the Marginal Rate of Substitution Let’s imagine that I have some jelly beans and some MMs. I like both types of candy and I like having the choice between fruity and chocolatey, so I’m pretty happy right now. Now imagine someone comes along and wants one of my jelly beans. Maybe this person only wants half a jelly bean. The point is that the person wants a very very small amount of jelly beans. If I give the person half a jelly bean, I’m a little less happy than I was before. But! The person could give me some amount of MMs that would make me exactly as happy as I was before I gave up that tiny bit of jelly beans. The amount of MMs that would make me exactly as happy might be one third of an MM, it might be two MMs, or maybe it would be half an MM. The point is, a very small amount of MMs would make me equally as happy as I was before, and this amount of MMs is not necessarily equal to the amount of jelly beans I gave up. The Marginal Rate of Substitution captures the rate at which I would be willing to exchange a tiny bit of jelly beans for MMs. Formal Definition of the Marginal Rate of Substitution The Marginal Rate of Substitution (MRS) is the rate at which a consumer would be willing to give up a very small amount of good 2 (which we call ) for some of good 1 (which we call ) in order to be exactly as happy after the trade as before the trade. Let and be very small changes (e.g. â€Å"marginal† changes) in and . Then, the MRS equals . Note that the MRS is negative, because we are giving up some of (sois negative) to get some of(sois positive). A negative divided by a positive is a negative, so it follows that the MRS is negative. Relationship Between the MRS and Indifference Curves At any given point along an indifference curve, the MRS is the slope of the indifference curve at that point. Note that most indifference curves are actually curves, so their slopes are changing as you move along them. That means that the MRS is also changing! To find the slope of a curve at a specific point, you use calculus. Take the first derivative of the equation for the indifference curve, then plug in the values ofandfor the point you are interested in. That will give you the MRS at that point. What do you think happens to the MRS along the indifference curve? When I have a lot of, I’m willing to give up quite a bit ofto get a little bit of. However, this changes as I move along my indifference curve. When I get to a point where I’m just as happy as before but now I have tons ofand almost no, I no longer want to give up muchto get a little. This phenomenon is known as the diminishing rate of marginal substitution. The Marginal Rate of Substitution (MRS) is the slope of the indifference curve Story Explanation of the Marginal Utility Let’s imagine again that I have some jelly beans and some MMs. If someone takes a tiny (â€Å"marginal†) amount of jelly beans away from me, I’m slightly less happy. Similarly, if someone gives me a tiny bit more jelly beans, I’m a little happier. My marginal utility of jelly beans is the change in happiness I experience from a tiny (e.g. â€Å"marginal†) change in the amount of jelly beans I have. Similarly, my happiness (which economists call â€Å"utility†) would change if someone changed the amount of MMs I had. When the change in MMs is tiny (â€Å"marginal†) then the resulting change in my utility is known as my marginal utility of MMs. Note that in both cases, marginal utility is defined with respect to a specific type of candy that I have. We considered the marginal utility of jelly beans and the marginal utility of MMs. We can combine these ideas to figure out what would happen if I experienced simultaneous changes in the amount of jelly beans and MMs in my possession, but marginal utility is always defined with respect to a specific good. Formal Definition of Marginal Utility The marginal utility with respect to good 1 is the change in utility a consumer experiences when the amount ofthe consumer has changes by a tiny bit while the amount ofthe consumer has remains constant. We can represent this marginal utility as . Therefore, is the rate of change in utility resulting from a small change in good 1 (). Similarly, the marginal utility with respect to good 2 is the rate at which utility changes when the consumer’s amount ofis changed by a marginal amount while his/her amount ofremains fixed at a constant amount. The equation for is . Marginal utility will always be positive when we are dealing with goods (as opposed to bads or neutrals). This is because getting more will make us happier, so when the denominator ()is positive, the numeratoris also positive. Similarly, when we lose some of good 1,is negative and we are less happy, so is also negative. A negative divided by a negative is positive, so the marginal utility of a good will always be a positive value. Marginal Utility v. Actual Change in Utility Note that in both cases, we can do a little algebra to find the total change in utility resulting from a marginal change in one good while the amount of the other good is held constant. Let’s use good 1 as our example. Above, we saw that . If we multiply both sides by, then we have . Therefore, the change in utility resulting from a tiny change in good 1 and no change in good 2 is just the product of that tiny change in good 1 and the marginal utility with respect to good 1. Connection Between Marginal Utility Marginal Rate of Substitution The Marginal Rate of Substitution looks at the balance in changes of good 1 and good 2 required for the consumer to be indifferent between his/her consumption bundles before and after trade. But what does indifference mean? It means that utility for both bundles is exactly equal. Therefore, There is some (negative) change in utility resulting from giving up a little bit of good 2, and as we saw in the previous section, this change equals Similarly, there is some (positive) change in utility from getting a little more of good 1, which equals Since we want to be indifferent before and after the trade, it must be that the sum of these changes equals zero. That is, With a little algebra, we can find the MRS from this equation of marginal utilities! First, subtract from both sides. Then, Next, divide both sides byand by. The result is The left hand side is just the MRS, and the right hand side is the negative ratio of marginal utilities. In the MRS section, we learned why the left hand side would automatically be negative. The right hand side needs the negative sign because marginal utility is positive for goods, so the ratio of marginal utilities is always positive. MRS and Marginal Utility Relationship – Calculus Edition When using calculus, the marginal utility of good 1 is defined by the partial derivative of the utility function with respect to. That is, We want to consider a tiny change in our consumption bundle, and we represent this change as We want the change to be such that our utility does not change (e.g. ). Therefore, we want to solve Rearranging terms as before, we find which is just the calculus version of Instead of using derivatives, we could use implicit functions. Any given indifference curve can be represented as where is a constant and the level of utility held constant along the indifference curve. We use the notation simply to illustrate that is a function of. If we differentiate both sides of with respect to, we get: We can again rearrange terms and the result is the same as what we found before: Monotonic Transformations Affect MU but Not MRS The downside of marginal utility is that its magnitude depends on the utility function we’re using. This is not ideal, because utility functions are usually ordinal, which means we don’t care exactly what numbers the utility function spits out, we just care that the utility function gives us higher numbers for bundles the consumer likes better. The great thing about the MRS is that even though it is function of the marginal utilities with respect to goods 1 and 2, it doesn’t change if apply a positive monotonic transformation to our utility function. (Positive monotonic transformations are any functions that preserve the original order when applied, like adding a constant to the original utility function, raising the original utility function to an odd power, taking the natural log, etc.) To see why this is so, let’s pretend was our original utility function and is our monotonically transformed utility function (so is a monotonic function). Then, using our calculus definition of the MRS, we have before the transformation and So the MRS is completely unchanged by any monotonic transformation! Acknowledgements: Much of this post was inspired by chapters 3 and 4 of Hal Varian’s textbook Intermediate Microeconomics: A Modern Approach. Are you interested in being connected with a New York or Boston tutor? ;

Frederick Douglass Essay - 803 Words

Frederick Douglass Essay Frederick Douglass has finally managed to run away from one of his masters to become a free slave, but yet he feels fear and paranoia. As he runs away, he contemplates all the possibilities of him getting caught by slaveholders or even turned in by his own kind. And it upsets him having to pass all the houses and food, but he has no shelter and starves with no food. This in fact heightens the intensity of his fear and paranoia because he is more likely to be caught with no where to hide and having no energy to run because he is starving. In The Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass, he utilizes things such as parallel syntactic structure, paradoxes, figurative language, and caesuras to help portray his feeling of†¦show more content†¦The paradoxes get people to understand how irritating it is to be passing by all these necessities stay you need to live and survive, taunting you as you pass by. While Douglass is running away, he relates slaves and hunt ing slaveholders, using figurative language, to wild beast and himself to the helpless prey. On page 136, Douglass says â€Å"†¦as hideous crocodiles seize upon his prey!† He says this because he feels so defenseless that he feels like a little animal going to be eaten. With all the slaveholders and there guns and all slaves that might turn him in, he doesn’t really stand a chance with no where to hide and running out of energy. In addition, on page 137 he says â€Å"†¦famished fugitive is only equaled by that with which monsters of the deep swallow up the helpless fish upon which they subsist,† In this he basically saying it is only a matter of time before they find him and take him in. He can’t really run from them with how hungry he is, he has no energy and no hope that he could out run them if he tried. On pages 136 and 137, caesuras are applied multiple times throughout these pages to conduct a sense of his worry and anguish. He says like à ¢â‚¬Å"†¦in total darkness as to what to do, where to go, or where to stay -perfectly helpless both as to the means of defense and means of escape-â€Å" (Douglass 137) The breaks leave you kind of hanging because you don’t know if at the end of the next break he could be caught or even shot. And that is where the worryShow MoreRelatedFrederick Douglass Essay817 Words   |  4 PagesAfrican-American man Frederick Douglass wrote his famous speech, â€Å"The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro†, America was in a time of great distress. It was the year 1852, and the view of abolitionists was quickly spreading. It was the time of both provocative literatures such as Uncle Tom’s Cabin, as well as important resolutions, such as the Dredd Scott decision, showing the contrast between views at the time, both positive and negative towards slavery. Frederick Douglass was a freed African-AmericanRead MoreFrederick Douglass Essay691 Words   |  3 PagesFrederick Douglass Frederick Douglass was one of the most important black leaders of the Antislavery movement. He was born in 1817 in Talbot County, MD. He was the son of Harriet Bailey and an unknown white man. His mother was a slave so therefore he was born a slave. He lived with his grandparents until the age of eight, so he never knew his mother well. When he turned eight, he was sent to Aunt Kathy, a woman who took care of slave children on the plantation of Colonel Edward Lloyd. WhenRead More Frederick Douglass Essays505 Words   |  3 Pages The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave is an account of Frederick Douglass’ life written in a very detached and objective tone. You might find this tone normal for a historical account of the events of someone’s life if not for the fact that the narrative was written by Frederick Douglass himself. In light of the fact that Douglass wrote his autobiography as a treatise in support of the abolishment of slavery, the r emoved tone was an effective tone. It gave force to hisRead MoreEssay on Frederick Douglass658 Words   |  3 Pages Frederick Douglass nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Frederick Douglass was a man who was active until the day he died. Frederick Attended Anti-Slavery meetings and also attended meetings for Women?s rights. He believed everyone was equal it didnt matter if one was white, black, or green it also didnt matter what sex you were he believed everybody was equal. He achieved many things during his hard but great life. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Born on a plantation in Tuckahoe, near Easton, in TalbotRead MoreNarrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Essay1306 Words   |  6 PagesFrederick Augustus Washington Bailey (later known as Frederick Douglass) was born a slave in Talbot County, Maryland around the year 1818. He was an African American reformer, writer, and orator. Douglass was one of the few noteworthy heroes who arose from the evils of slavery and impacted the United States and the world in significant ways. After escaping from slavery, he became known for his astounding oratory skills and remarkable antislavery writing. He became an important leader of the abolitionistRead MoreFrederick Douglass Essay559 Words   |  3 PagesFrederick Douglass Born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey on Marylands Eastern Shore in 1818, he was the son of a slave woman and, her white master. Upon his escape from slavery at age 20, he adopted the name of the hero of Sir Walter Scotts The Lady of the Lake. Douglass immortalized his years as a slave in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave (1845). This and two other autobiographies, My Bondage and My Freedom (1855) and The Life and Times of Frederick DouglassRead More Frederick Douglass Essay1311 Words   |  6 PagesIn Frederick Douglass autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, he writes about the inhumanity and brutality of slavery, with the intention of informing white, American colonists. Douglass is thought to be one of the greatest leaders of the abolition, which radically and dramatically changed the American way of life, thus revolutionizing America. Douglass changed America, and accomplished this through writing simply an d to the point about the reality of slaveryRead MoreNarrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Essay1182 Words   |  5 PagesNarrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass After escaping from slavery, Frederick Bailey changed his name to Frederick Douglass and became a prominent speaker in the abolitionist movement. He was so eloquent that proslavery opponents charged him with being a fraud who had never been a slave and challenged him to reveal the true facts of his life. Such an account was dangerous for Douglass, who could have been captured and returned to slavery for life, but he proceededRead MoreEssay Frederick Douglass and Slavery1448 Words   |  6 PagesFrederick Douglass and Slavery Frederick Douglass the most successful abolitionist who changed America’s views of slavery through his writings and actions. Frederick Douglass had many achievements throughout his life. His Life as a slave had a great impact on his writings. His great oratory skills left the largest impact on Civil War time period literature. All in all he was the best black speaker and writer ever. Douglass was born a slave in 1817, in Maryland. He educatedRead MoreEssay on the Life of Frederick Douglass1702 Words   |  7 PagesIn Frederick Douglass#8217; Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Mr. Douglass gives many examples of cruelty towards slaves as he shows many reasons that could have been used to abolish slavery. Throughout the well-written narrative, Douglass uses examples from the severe whippings that took place constantly to a form of brainwashing by the slaveholders over the slaves describing the terrible conditions that the slaves were faced with in the south in the first half of the 1800#8217;s.

What Shoes Should You Wear In France

If you are like me, chances are you have a number of pair of shoes in your closet. Its not easy to pick the ones to travel with. Of course, part of the choice should be comfort. French people love their shoes, and there is a certain shoe etiquette to follow if you want to fit in when traveling to France. Especially for men since French men are quite peculiar about their shoes. Womens Shoes The problem with shoes is that they take a lot of room when you are packing, so which shoes to bring is definitely worth some of your consideration. Pack shoes that are versatile, and that you can wear in different situations. French women wear high-heels but dont usually wear super high heels. Contrary to what you may think, heel shoes French women actually wear are kind of conservative. The thing is in France, particularly in big cities, you can expect to walk. You wont find parking just in front of the restaurant. Valet is not always an option. And with the typical paved Parisian streets, if you dont want to break your ankle, you have to be somewhat conservative. For everyday, older women will still wear heel shoes. Its a question of generation. If youre working in a bank or in a somewhat formal environment, un tailleur (womens suit) and some kind of heel shoes will be recommended. Normal French women would wear comfortable shoes, flats, such as Bensimon, Tods, or some kind of sandals or ballerinas. Birkenstocks and Crocs were fashionable for a short while, but they are not typical of what a French woman would wear. And forget about going to work with sports shoes and a womens skirt suit and changing into your heels in the elevator! A French woman would still wear some kind of ballerinas with a suit, on her way from the mà ©tro to work, and then maybe change into heels at work. Yes, most French women are kind of fashion victims, and if comfort is important, style is usually even more important. Mens Shoes The biggest difference in shoes between France and the US is concerning mens shoes. French men wear bulky sports shoes to practice sports—not to go out.  There is a US trend in France—it can be trendy to wear a hoodie over loose jeans and the latest Nikes or Timberlands boots. It flies when you are in your twenties. But after, your sense of fashion has to grow up. Theres a kind of shoe that is typical for French (younger) men: they are tennis shoes, with laces, but smaller, more delicate than athletic—kind of old fashioned tennis shoes, like street shoes or sneakers. French men (and women) wear them in different colors, but often kind of toned-down, darker colors (as opposed to the often very flashy athletic shoes). They are made of cloth or leather, or suede. Famous brands include Converse or Vans. Skateboarding dudes wear them in the US and this is the typical shoe for a Frenchman in a casual setting, in all seasons. In summer, French men, often a bit older or of higher social class (les bourgeois preppy crowd) wear what we call des chaussures de bateau which can be worn with or without socks, or leather loafers such as Tods.   For young adults, les tongs (flip-flops) are also very fashionable, especially with the summer being so hot lately. But, and this is essential, a Frenchmen would show his feet only if their feet and nails are impeccable. Otherwise, theyll cover them up. Socks and sandals are a big fashion faux-pas in France. For dressy wear or going out, leather shoes are a must, and every French man would have at least one pair of leather shoes—many would wear leather shoes everyday. Les mocassins (loafers) are still very much in fashion, but all kind of leather shoes exist. Ankle leather/suede boots are quite trendy as well.

Reconstruction During The Civil War - 972 Words

There was a transformation period after the Civil War called the reconstruction during the years 1863 to 1877. The reconstruction was the rebuilding of the United States, mainly in the South. There were three major types of reconstruction, which were political, physical, and social. The political reconstruction allowed some African Americans to vote; however, they had to be literate in order to take the Oath test. Not many African Americans knew how to read and write, because they were slaves and never had the opportunity to be educated. There was the Physical reconstruction, which was the building of sea ports, farming, and railroads, railroads being a major part of the reconstruction. Social Reconstruction was the most important step during the reconstruction, because many families were reunited after being separated from each other at birth, or after years of living together. By being reunited with their families the former slaves had already won the ‘battle’. During the Reconstruction Abraham Lincoln was one of the presidents who was not in favor of slavery. He introduced the Emancipation Proclamation, which did not free slaves but did offer a pardon. The slaves had to pass a literacy test or they had to escape and go to the north in order to become free. Abraham Lincolns plan was to get voting rights for blacks; however, only those who helped fight in the war and the most intelligent or literate ones could vote. The thirteenth amendment abolished slavery. The AfricanShow MoreRelatedReconstruction Of Reconstruction During The Civil War883 Words   |  4 Pages Describe and analyze Reconstruction. Did Reconstruction have any successes? The end of civil war in the United States of America brought about many problems, in particular for the South. Some of the problems were political, economic decay and social disorder. The war destroyed the plantations and crops thus causing many to starve to death while others became homeless. The reconstruction became the only hope for the people. Radical reconstruction began in 1867, which enabled the freed black menRead MoreReconstruction During The Civil War Essay1676 Words   |  7 PagesReconstruction The United States went through many changes after the Civil War and during the Reconstruction period of 1866-1877. Before Abraham Lincoln was assassinated on December, 1863, by John Wilkes, Lincoln announced the first Reconstruction plan a year before the Civil War had ended and Lincoln offered general amnesty to white southerners who would pledge an oath of loyalty to the government and accept the abolition of slavery. During the summer of 1865, Johnson not long after he took officeRead MoreReconstruction During The Civil War966 Words   |  4 Pages Reconstruction is a time period after the Civil War ended in 1877. We view it as something that resembles a transformation, shifts in the southern U.S. after the Civil War. This was when slavery inequality, some political, economic, and social issues were, in some ways, balanced. The categories of issues that arose throughout this â€Å"restoration† were aspects such as involving the Confederacy into the Union, abolishing along with figuring out what to do with our free blacks, and addressing conflictRead MoreReconstruction During The Civil War1487 Words   |  6 PagesReconstruction was the period when America was figuring out on issues pertaining to who was an American, what rights an American should enjoy and what rights other Americans were exercising. The post bellum period was a period after the civil war that had affected the United States of America. This conflict had mostly taken place in the south and therefore the people there were the for the most part affected by this warfare. After the civil war, racism was still a threat and a struggle for the nationRead MoreReconstruction During The Civil War864 Words   |  4 PagesIn hindsight it is sometimes claimed that Reconstruction was a failure. Although there was some good that came out of the Reconstruction it was mostly just a relentless uphill battle against Southerners and immoral politicians that were here to delay change and keep racism alive. Reconstruction brought the Ku Klux Klan who displayed great resistance, and poverty that swept the South once the blacks were freed. The freedom of these black slaves led to discriminatory legislatures such as the BlackRead MoreReconstruction During The Civil War1892 Words   |  8 PagesReconstruction Over the course of America’s existence, it has acquired many successes and failures. Over time there have been a large number of accomplishments that have made the world a greater good, but there have also been phases of turmoil and tragedy. The Reconstruction period after the Civil War is a prime example of a complete failure. The Reconstruction period consisted of many goals and ideas that Americans planned to achieve in their country after being torn apart from the Civil War.Read MoreEducation During Reconstruction During The Civil War918 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Education during Reconstruction† In the south before during and after the reconstruction was a time for educational growth. Many states were just beginning to provide public education. The education system was trialed and errored to become the system that we know today during this era. The civil war brought separation of races but also families, the radical republicans stressed education during the reconstruction to avert the attention of the people from the war and racial issues. BeforeRead MoreThe Reconstruction Era During The Civil War1370 Words   |  6 PagesThe Reconstruction Era beginning in 1865 marked the period where white men and recently freed African Americans quarreled over the concept of equality on the basis of race as well as where freedom extended to. After the Civil War, there was a power struggle between the Republican and Democratic parties as they had extremely distinct ideas on whether African Americans should be free and hold citizen rights. African Americans were able to achieve citizenship as well as have equality through the 14thRead MoreThe Era Of Reconstruction During The Civil War1630 Words   |  7 Pageswas imposed by the white people. This contradiction is emblematic of the African-American experience. The era of reconstruction was a short-term success, a medium-term failure, and a foundation for the long-term successes of the civil rights movement in terms of black freedom. The era of reconstruction exposed the radical limits of freedom for natural born citizens in the post-civil war United States. The idea of freedom changed in a tremendous way for the blacks. I would like to begin by askingRead MoreThe Legacy Of Reconstruction During The Civil War Essay1254 Words   |  6 Pageshistory. These â€Å"revolutionary movements† have created lasting impressions on the United States that helped mold the nation that it is today. One such movement was Reconstruction. Reconstruction was a time in America consisting of reuniting the country and pulling it from the economic catastrophe that stemmed from the Civil War. The reconstruction era had dealt with three separate plans: the Lincoln Plan, the Johnson Plan and the congressional Plan. These plans, each with their own unique way of unifying

My Writing Skills Have Improved Since Freshman Year

The pieces say that as a student I put the effort that I can into my work. I try my best to finish the in class writing in time and to put effort and creativeness into the creative writing pieces. Looking at my hand written work, I need to slow down and try to write more legibly because I am not showing my best handwriting in those pieces. I am proud of my Fall/Spring benchmark grades, but I can work to improve. In the process of creating I learned that there can be multiple answers and perspectives from one question. There are different ways to approach a prompt that can be all be correct. The research paper also helped fill my knowledge with U.S. and Haiti intervention. I would definitely agree that my writing skills have improved since Freshman year. I learned to write more context and to not use certain words in my writings. My creative writing pieces have shown a deal of improvement as well. Compared to many that I did awhile back, my pieces are more creative and flow more. I have most certainly grown as a student and as a person. I struggled with writing more on an assignment. I had to develop a longer analysis in many of my works, but for most I liked to keep it short and simple, which I have learned that that will not be enough. I struggled to find enough relevant ideas and thoughts that came from my own brain to place in my pieces. There were times when I had difficulty searching my brain for thoughts but once I developed an idea, I wrote it down. I had greatShow MoreRelatedReflective Essay On Self Reflection956 Words   |  4 Pages As the semester of my first year in high school comes to an end, I look back to the beginning of the year to when I had no idea on how to write a quality paper or even how to use correct format and evidence. However, with a teacher who connects with students and using tools to enhance my paper, I feel more confident in independently writing an essay. In spite of the fact that it’s been a little over four months since the beginning of the year, I feel like I have improved. From â€Å"to-be verbs† to sentenceRead MoreMy Writing Skills Improved Over The Last Semester950 Words   |  4 Pages My Writing Skills have improved Over the Last Semester While attending writing class, I learned about the 4 steps in writing, bases for revising, organizing, and connecting specific information, and I also learned about the different types of essays such as descriptive, narrative, process, cause and effect and argumentative essay. I have been a student at Milwaukee Area Technical College for 1 semester, and over the course of my enrollment I have grown and learned more that I knew prior to attendingRead MoreHow I Learned Me My Writing1226 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout my whole life, I really struggled with writing. Every time the English teacher gave the class an assignment to write an essay, I was always felt terrified because I never saw any improvements in my writing whenever I got my essays back from the teacher. However, I wanted to change that this year. Writing 101 has been a very interesting class this year, especially since the theme of the class was â€Å"tai chi on paper†. In this class, I learned many techniques tha t helped me improve my writing likeRead MoreThe Importance Of Reading And Writing On My Life1376 Words   |  6 Pages Reading and writing are two of the most important tools in my life, because without them I would not have an education. They form the basis of a class; for example, completing a lab in chemistry would not be possible without following a written lab procedure. These two skills are taught at such a young age, and as education advances students must continue to strive to reach a higher level. I can remember in elementary school, we were always pushed to reach the next reading level once we had successfullyRead MoreMy Writing On My Grammar Essay1156 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout this course I feel that I have immensely improved my writing skills. Before taking this class, I really disliked writing. I would much rather read than write. I never wanted to take this class, but my parents strongly encouraged me to because they wanted me to be challenged in school. I was terrified to be in a college level class with seniors and a bunch of other people I did not know. I took this class anyways because I did not have any other better options. Of course I still doRead MoreExpected School-Wide Learning Results854 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen easy, but it’s a part of life we all go through, Like in the Disney Movie Meet the Robinsons you need to â€Å"Keep Moving Forward†. In Life we have to take challenging Obstacle courses that are not so easy but it helps us in life. One challenging obstacle course that we take is school, to be exact High school. In high school to get to the top you have to fail because from failing you learn, because you learn from your mistakes and â€Å"Keep Moving Forward† and you do your best to do a better job theRead MoreWhen I Analyzed The Evidence, I Looked At Both The Statistics1274 Words   |  6 Pagesthe presentation for my students, I consulted my school’s librarian who is an expert in research. He came in during my presentation to answer any further questions and also reinforce key concepts that I had presented to students. Students demonstrated growth with this skill, averaging a 9 out of 10 on this formative assessment. Initially, students averaged a 3.7 out of 5 on the citation section of the first formative assessment. As such, they showed a 16% growth in this skill. We also crafted threeRead MoreThe frog, which made it out of the well800 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Everybody has to start somewhere. You have your whole future ahead of you. Perfection doesnt happen right away† by Haruki Murakami, the quote woke me up since six years ago. When I first came to America, my English was humorously sounded like a frog. Thus, I thought that how could my teachers make me write in many different subjects every day, when I could barely communicate in English; I was wrong. While I did not like writing, I did not hate it either. In fact, writing was the stairs for a frog likeRead MoreMy Journey Of Becoming A Better Writer848 Words   |  4 PagesA semester has passed since I started college and my journey of becoming a better writer. It has been a very important semester for my future college career, and I would not be here without the things I have accomplished. The composition program has really helped me to prepare for what college writing is all a bout. Now standing here and looking back I could not imagine how it would be without that class. I believe my English, and my writing is better than it has ever been, and all thanks to the compositionRead MoreGraduation Speech : My Experience1594 Words   |  7 Pageslacked practice with writing and was unable to adjust my habits to accommodate the flow of this course. I had not written an essay, except for research papers, since my fall quarter of freshman year. It was especially hard for me to adjust my time to account for all the activities in the class. Since the course is a hybrid course, I only had one face-to-face meeting with the class. Half of the class requires self-pace and constant checking of what needed to be accomplished. With my initial abilities

Discrimination Problems Free Essays

A problem facing human kind that I will start out with is discrimination and racism. For as long as humans have interacted on our planet, there has been discrimination. To me, discrimination is the act of treating individuals unequally because of a group or culture that one lives by. We will write a custom essay sample on Discrimination Problems or any similar topic only for you Order Now Everyone has been discriminatory at some point in his or her life, sometimes while not even knowing it, but it still needs to be thrown out of our society. In the late 1950†³s, discrimination acts ended against minority groups in a court of law; but did they? Today, some will still say that discrimination against any different type of ethnic group or organization will never just go away. How can a group/organization, educated or non-educated believe that a certain group that they abide by is superior to that of another? And is this still looked at as an acceptable way of living to some, or in some places? An example of an openly racist configuration is the Ku-Klux-Klan. Although most of our country is not supporting such a group, they are still given the right to voice their hatred. How is our nation ever supposed to improve and sustain peace when people are blaming others for something that we have all brought upon ourselves? Another problem I think our humankind is facing is lack of freedom and excess of social control. At this point in my life I am going through a very confusing stage of questioning. Questioning my values, my boundaries, my potential, basically my life in general. Often, I ask myself, â€Å"What the hell were we put on this planet for†? Was it to do what our society is showing us to do? -Or have we all gone completely mad? Who said that we need to succeed and compete, and sometimes make ourselves unhappy to achieve something that we are told is right? Who came up with having our whole world centered at education and goal oriented scholars? Where has the freedom really gone, and what will it lead to-certainly nothing more than what we have now. If freedom is being able to study what one wants and being able to work where one wants, as whatever one wants, these definitions of freedom are still centered around only one way of life-An organized society. True- our world would be beyond chaotic if one should pull the plug on rules, regulations and organization, but has anyone ever brought forth any kind of â€Å"what if†¦ â€Å"?. What would our world be if success and education were not looked at as the â€Å"appropriate and better† way of life? People would be able to live as they choose without the worries of fitting into any kind of society in which they did not want to fit into? What I am asking or yet proposing in a sense is what are we aiming for, and how excessive is our social control going to get? Does anybody have a certainty that what we are doing is in fact correct- if so, I†d like to meet him or her, and have Materialism is another one that I am going to take a shot at. This subject I can†t say I†m exactly fit to write about but it†s something of interest to me, which makes it somewhat of a â€Å"problematic subject† in my book. Materialism to me is our world looking at and making assumptions and opinions about the wrong thing, either the subject being money/success, man-made objects, social upbringing, education or whatever. I have never had a direct problem with materialism only because I have never been confronted or even in discussion with that subject. I grew up in a very materialistic environment and only now am realizing that it is a problem for our society. Where I grew up, in a suburban, upper-class township, everyone forms opinions on everyone by the external view of someone. As I have said above, how much money? Are they attractive? Who are their parents? And so forth. I had never been exposed to anything but that until now, and I am learning that not everyone is like that, so it†s not as much of a problem in some places than in others, although the places with heavy materialistic views and ways of life are not educated enough about this subject to know that materialism is wrong. These are just three of the many things that I think are problems facing human kind in the future and even right now. How to cite Discrimination Problems, Papers

Argumentative Essay Wealthy and the Poor

Question: Write about theArgumentative Essayfor Wealthy and the Poor. Answer: The Increasing Gap Between the Wealthy and the Poor The issue of increasing drift between the rich and the poor is pressing because it is directly proportional to the number of rich and poor people in society for many decades now. This is astonishing because the numbers are on the rise as time progresses. Typically, the inequality between the rich and the poor exist in terms of accumulated wealth of an individual or a group in society (Gap between rich and poor 'keeps growing' - BBC News, n.d). Also, disparity can be realized between countries whereby one country is endowed with too many resources which it is able to tap to boost the economy especially the developed countries. On the other end of the spectrum, the developing countries ail in poverty because of economy struggle and lack of adequate resources. Therefore, disparity is a prevalent issue that has been in existence and will still exist. The increasing gap between the reach and the poor is a global problem that almost all the presidents of big nations have not still realized its cure. In addition, to make matters worse, this is a universal problem that cuts across both the developed and the developing countries. As much as economic growth is realized the disparity is a common phenomenon. According to this article (The Real Reason for the Growing Gap Between Rich and Poor, n.d), technology is a double sword that is forming the basis of increasing disparity among the citizens of America. Technology has brought a great impact on employment. Remember, technology has led to the retrenchment of people from their places of work. Functions that low skilled people were used to do, have now been replaced by use of computers or integrated systems which have rapidly rendered people jobless. A country like U.S uses telecommunication systems to source workers from other foreign countries with cheaper labor cost than the native citizens. The implication for cheap labor is that many workers will be chasing view wages which will lead to poor wages (Morris, 2015). On the other hand, technology is boon to those skilled people from the fields of engineering, law and computer science hence it acts as a complement to their skills their making such people to attract high demand for their s ervices thus high wages ultimately widening the disparity gap. Also, the issue of gender has brought about the disparity in the income in the sense that in most countries some jobs are meant for men while others are solely designed for ladies however most governments have enacted regulation and rules to fight for gender equality in the society. Inequality comes as a result of men taking well paying jobs such as CEO of the company while the ladies are given lower position in the workplace. More specifically, a place like India, it is known ladies have their specific job in the society as well as men. The Indians have a culture that a woman cannot do a more earning job or a white collar job while her husband is doing a low job in the society (Lau,2008). Therefore, this implies that if couples are born in a poor family, they will be forever poor, whilst if couples belong to a rich family they will be forever rich. In that case, the drift between the people of the social class will remain. Notably, globalization is a contributing factor to disparity because s countries strive to influence international customers and gain a large market share they tend to bring disparity (Bergh et al.,,2016). It is a bit technical to understand this but simply put, countries would like to do business with other countries that are of the same level like they are endowed to the same economic advantage. Therefore, rich countries would like to associate and do businesses with reach countries and vice versa. The more of the basic problem of this disparity is brought about by the difference of wages and salaries. The article (Why the Gap Between Rich Poor Is Widening - Salary.com, n.d.) depicts, in most countries, the level of education and expertise skills determine the salary of an individual. Therefore, those people who have acquired knowledge to higher education learning tend to secure well paying jobs white collar jobs) that attract better salaries. For instance, in China, out the total population 10% are the richest and are 9.6 times rich as compare to poor individuals. On the other hand, people who are non-skilled or low skilled or dropout will accept to offer cheap labor just to sustain them. Therefore, there is no day equilibrium can be established between the two types of people. For this reason, the gap will still exist because people accept this culture and are ready to maintain the status quo. Besides, in U.S the current rate of tax favor the rich. The tax rate structures have been perceived to favor the rich people. According to this article (Income inequality, 2014), the Bush tax cuts enacted in 2001 and 2003 lowered the marginal tax for high income earners from 36.9 percent to 35 percent. As a result, the action brings is a disadvantage to low income earners because the wealthiest will have a large take away because of the reduced tax as the poor face the wrath of the imposed rule. In another perspective, reducing tax rates gives freedom to the top earners to fight for more compensation. Ultimately, this will lead to further widening of the gap between the poor and the rich. Apart from market driven factors Lau (2008) argues that there is a remedy for the increasing disparities. The implementation of specific rules will create equality among people of all ages in society. The government can increase the education supply to citizens which will translate to skilled labor. In this case, the government can implement policies that help to offer education to all, either offer education at a cheap fee or give subsidies and supply enough equipment to educational institutions. In the long run, education will be accessible to all citizen hence people quagmire of education differential will be stopped. Consequently, the labor market will be supplied with learned people with almost the same skills hence salaries will be sliced to fit all of them. Therefore, the issue will be curbed upon implementation of such policies. Arguably, if the government can implement a progressive tax structure the proportion of the disparity will subside (Bergh, Nilsson Waldenstro?m, 2016). The progressive tax structure will impose high tax on the wealthy people as their will be low tax among the poor. Therefore, the poor will have a privilege of benefiting from low taxes hence the income inequality will be reduced in the society. Such a remedy is prevalent especially if it is implemented as a long term project. Also, legislations like formulating policies such as raising the income of low income of the poor will help to reduce the gap between the people of different social class. Introducing minimum wage legislation policy helps to fight for those individuals who are least paid in the labor market. Besides, the government can opt to offer subsidies to the manufacturing firms which will translate to low product costs. By providing goods and services cheap prices for the products the poor will be able to afford the product hence increasing the purchasing power of poor members of the society. In conclusion, the answer to the increasing disparity is not found in prevailing market labor but the situation can be reversed if the government will collaborate with relevant bodies to make fundamental changes in the current system of distribution of wealth. Equality can be realized by reversing the rules of the market such that the average income people are given advantage of bargaining power hence share endowed a large share of the gain from economic growth. In another perspective, the government can work to embrace some policies to bring equality like formulating minimum wage legislations, making education cheap and available to all, and embracing a progressive tax system are among the strategies that can reduce the gap existing in social class. References Bergh,A., Nilsson,T., Waldenstro?m,D. (2016).Sick of inequality?: An introduction to the relationship between inequality and health. Gap between rich and poor 'keeps growing' - BBC News. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-32824770 Growing Gap Between Rich and Poor. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/stratification inequality-and-social-class-in-the-u-s-9/social-mobility-76/growing-gap-between-rich-and-poor 450-2081/ Income inequality. (2014).Inequality. doi:10.1787/459aa7f1-en Lau,O.C. (2008).Mind the (gender) gap: Institutions, inequality, and individual freedom. Morris,P.A., Hill,H.D., Gennetian,L.A., Rodrigues,C., Wolf,S., University of Wisconsin--Madison. (2015).Income volatility in U.S. households with children: Another growing disparity between the rich and the poor? National Symposium on Family Issues, In Amato,P.R., In Booth,A., In McHale,S., In Van,H.J. (2015).Families in an era of increasing inequality: Diverging destinies. The Real Reason for the Growing Gap Between Rich and Poor. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.newsweek.com/real-reason-growing-gap-between-rich-and-poor-377662 Why the Gap Between Rich Poor Is Widening - Salary.com. (n.d.). Retrieved fromhttps://www.salary.com/why-the-gap-between-rich-poor-is-widening/slide/5/ Wolff,E.N., Twentieth Century Fund. (1996).Top heavy: The increasing inequality ofwealth in America and what can be done about it. New York, NY: New Press.

Rotary Engine Essay Example

Rotary Engine Essay Svetlozar Simeonov 09/25/11 Wankel Rotary Engine – Huge Power in a Small Box According to Philip’s Encyclopedia Wankel rotary engine or just Wankel engine is â€Å"Internal combustion engine with rotors instead of pistons. † That not so popular engine is actually about two times lighter than a four cylinder piston engine, the one that we all have in our cars, for the same power output. It also has four times less moving parts. Much simpler, much lighter, much smaller it has numerous advantages over a conventional piston engine. One of the most simple and clear explanation of how the Wankel engine works oppose to piston engine comes from Time magazine: â€Å"Instead of converting up-and-down piston motion into wheel-driving circular energy through a series of complex linkages—the way a standard engine works—the Wankel rotors spin continuously and thus provide the proper torque to move a cars wheels directly. † (Time Aug 14 1972). It has four times less moving parts versus four cylinder engine. Therefore, Wankel engines â€Å"are smaller, peppier and potentially cheaper to build than conventional reciprocating models, and have only six major points of wear, v. 00 in a conventional engine† (Time Aug 14 1972). The Wankel engine was reviled in 1956 by its engineer Felix Wankel (The Columbia Encyclopedia – internal-combustion engine). The first mass production car powered by Wankel engine was released in 1967 by the Japanese manufacture Mazda. It was a reference design, twin â⠂¬â€œrotor 982cc, outputting 110 hp. That made the 2000 pounds Cosmo model pretty zippy. Mazda quickly introduced 2 more models in 1970 and with prices significantly lower than its competition Mazda’s success rapidly increased. We will write a custom essay sample on Rotary Engine specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Rotary Engine specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Rotary Engine specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Seeing the growing interest, 2 of the largest automobile manufactures in the world– General Motors and Mercedes-Benz – purchased license to produce vehicle with this technology. General Motors even had a Corvette on the way, when the 1973 oil crisis changed everything over. The Wankel engine at the time was less fuel efficient, so the sales suddenly dropped down so low that Mazda was a step away from bankrupt. They changed their strategy and rotary cars became a special line, instead of mainstream. Then and now, Mazda is the only manufacture to truly stand by this technology. It improved it radically in terms of output and fuel efficiency. Their last generation engine, called Renesis, used since 2003 in RX-8, has the same output like the previous generation 250hps, red line topping at 10 000 rpms. However, it is naturally aspirated, where the previous one was twin-turbo charged. The Renesis is also 25% more efficient. Sadly it wasn’t enough, and the RX-8 was discontinued in August 2011, with no successor announced. With the slow pace of its evolution, I hope we can see the next generation at the end of this decade. Mazda and the Wankel engine have won many awards and races. The most prestige one is the success in 1991 in the annual â€Å"24 hours of Le Mans†, leaving behind drivers and teams with traditions like Mercedes, Jaguar and the frequent winner Porsche. The four-rotor engine outputting 700 hp lead the team first to the finish, regardless their start position – 55. As William Welch states, in his recent publication in USA Today, â€Å"the only Japanese car and only non-piston engined car to win the grueling French race† (William M. Welch, USA Today 08/23/2011). â€Å"Sanctioning bodies outlawed the engine after the win at Le Mans† and close the history of Wankel powered cars at this scramble (William M. Welch, USA Today 08/23/2011). That win however, confirmed the Wankel reputation of power and durability. Even though the Renesis was a big step forward, it was still a step behind the longer lived piston engine in terms of fuel economy. That was its only drawback, but enough to turn a lot of people away. Not so many had the chance to experience the fun side of this fast revving motor. Fossil fuels, like gasoline, are fated to become extremely rear and expensive and it looks like Mazda engineers are getting prepared for this scenario. In interview for Reuters news agency from 2007 Mazda executive Nobuhiro Hayama revealed their new strategy: â€Å"Researchers at Japanese carmaker Mazda think cars will in future run on water component – hydrogen. †¦the advantage hydrogen fuel was that it could be used in internal combustion engines. However †¦ there is a risk of abnormal combustion. This could be solved by using rotary engines† (Tokyo Reuters Oct 22 2007). That means that a slightly modified RX-8 could reborn and satisfy the need of cheaper run and exciting pull, equipped with â€Å"two fuel tanks, though† (Tokyo Reuters Oct 22 2007). We would expect the price to remain the same, since no direct modification to the engine is needed, and the car has paid of its investments already. It looks like a bright future for the Wankel. Removed paragraphs Taking in consideration the minimum moving parts of the Wankel engine, the aerocraft industry quickly realized its lifesaving advantage. In case of internal engine damage the engine would not fail right away. It will continue delivering power that will decrease with time. Its weight and size made it preferable for many small plane manufactures. It let the engineers improve aero dynamics of the plane nose, due to the smaller engine. The first complete Wankel engine was reviled in 1956 by its engineer Felix Wankel (The Columbia Encyclopedia – internal-combustion engine). Since then, the engine received many improvements. The main contributor is the Japanese manufacture Mazda that started a line of sport cars with Wankel engines in mid-1960. The first model, named Cosmo, had a good success and two more models were released in 1970. Seeing the potential in this relatively new technology, a few more automobile manufactures build their own sport car prototypes including Mercedes-Benz and General Motors. The second had a prototype of the legendary Corvette. As every invention, this one also has disadvantage – fuel efficiency. Hit by the first oil crisis in 1973, all manufactures except Mazda canceled their plans for a production Wankel powered car. Even more Mazda almost bankrupted, since they completely had abandoned reciprocating (piston) engines. Today Mazda is the only one to mass produce Wankel engine cars, and it has made huge, but slow progress in this field. The last generation named RX-8 had achieved better output with lower fuel consumption – huge step forward from the previous RX-7.

How to Write a Reflective Essay Sample

How to Write a Reflective Essay SampleYou might be thinking, 'Where can I find a way to read an easy to understand how to write a reflective essay sample?' This is a question you may have asked yourself, whether you are a first-time writer or have already written for a while.But for beginners who want to write a concise and informative essay that will keep them interested, there is nothing more useful than reading sample essays written by other people who are better at the subject of writing. A well-written essay is one thing that helps you survive a difficult time.Of course, writing is not as easy as reading, but it is essential that your thoughts should not stop flowing when you are reading a good example. Consider how your brain reacts to a good example, and what you should do with the information presented to you.First, ask yourself if the question asked in the essay is important or if it is a reference to something else. If it is a reference to something else, then the fact that you are reading a how to write a reflective essay sample might be less important. This means that the next time you read a sample essay, you should consider that question was asked and answer it with more or less information.Secondly, take into consideration how the subject of the reflective essay relates to your topic. If it doesn't relate to your topic, you might be better off leaving it out of the essay, as it will leave less room for you to make suggestions.Lastly, if the question asked is not very important, then leaving it out is just another way of making it irrelevant. It may mean that you are wasting your time, but more likely, this is just another way of saying that you should do a better job. In short, don't take unnecessary risks when you are writing an essay.These tips can help you find an easy to understand how to write a reflective essay sample. However, don't neglect these basic tips. Learning how to write a reflective essay sample is important, but this article wil l also help you with a way to get started.

Raccoons essays

Raccoons essays Raccoons breed between January and March, the peak is around Feburary. The male raccoon pairy only to mate, and they don't form long term pair bonds with the female. The females pregnancy only lasts nine weeks, and the young begin to follow their mothers on excursions by early June. Younger female raccoon's breed at a lower rate and have smaller litters than do older adult females.Less than 70% of younger females are bred, with an average litter size of 3.3 young. 95% of adult females are bred, and have an average of 4 young per litter. Breeding by adult females is normally constant from year to year, while breeding by the younger ones can be different. The youngers ones' breeding rates are suppose to reflect the severity of the previous winter and the overall health of the population. The major causes of mortality for raccoons in the Midwest are fur harvest, getting run over by a vehical, and diseases. Starvation is pretty rare. As fur harvest decreases, mortality from other causes will likely increase. The most common disease in raccoons is canine distemper. Although the symptoms for distemper are similar to those of rabies, raccoons are hardly ever diagnosed as having rabies. In the wild, raccoons are found along streams and lakes near wooded areas. You may also find them on inhabit urban, residential, and recreational areas. Raccoons are not particular about den sites and some of them use tree hollows, hollow logs, caves,rock crevices, holes in the ground, and sometimes storm sewers. They don'ot dig their own burrows. Raccoons use rock dens most often during winter, probably because rock dens offer warm, stable temperatures, are secure, and are large enough for communal denning. Believe it or not, I absolutely loved this article. When I was a younger I had a raccoon as a pet. To learn all of this new information is relatively interresting and allows me to understand why Sassy, my raccoon, was the way she was. ...

40 Topic Suggestions for a Descriptive Paragraph

40 Topic Suggestions for a Descriptive Paragraph If you want to be a successful writer, you must be able to describe [your subject], and in a way that will cause your reader to prickle with recognition....Thin description leaves the reader feeling bewildered and nearsighted. Overdescription buries him or her in details and images. The trick is to find a happy medium.(Stephen King, On Writing, 2000) Descriptive writing calls for close attention to factual and  sensory details: show, dont tell. Whether your subject is as small as a strawberry or as large as a fruit farm,  you should begin by observing your subject closely. Examine it with all five senses, and write down any details and descriptions that come to mind. Next go a little further afield with your list and associate your chosen topic or object with memories, opinions, and impressions. This list may give you some ideas for metaphors and possibly even a direction for your  paragraph or essay. Then make a list of verbs that could be  associated with your topic or object. This will help you have more variety than just buzzing be verbs and keep the writing and imagery descriptive and active. After your brainstorming phase, go through your list and decide which details and descriptions you like the most and are significant. Dont cross off the others, though. At this point in the project, you want to be open to any direction your imagination and writing take you. 40 Topic Suggestions: Description To get you  started,  here are 40 topic suggestions for a descriptive paragraph, essay, or speech.  These suggestions should help you discover a subject that especially  interests  you. If you dont start out with a topic that youre willing to spend some time with, your writing will show your lack of enthusiasm. If 40 is not enough, try this list of  400 writing topics. If you need some advice for the drafting phase, see   Composing Descriptive Paragraphs and Essays and   How to Write a Descriptive Paragraph. a waiting rooma basketball, baseball glove, or tennis racketa smartphonea treasured belonginga laptop computera favorite restaurantyour dream houseyour ideal roommatea closetyour memory of a place that you visited as a childa lockeran accident scenea city bus or subway trainan unusual rooma childs secret hiding placea bowl of fruitan item left too long in your refrigeratorbackstage during a play or a concerta vase of flowersa restroom in a service stationa street that leads to your home or schoolyour favorite foodthe inside of a spaceshipthe scene at a concert or athletic eventan art exhibitan ideal apartmentyour old neighborhooda small town cemeterya pizzaa peta photographa hospital emergency rooma particular friend or family membera paintinga storefront windowan inspiring viewa work tablea character from a book, movie, or television programa refrigerator or washing machinea Halloween costume

Construct an incident response plan Research Paper

Construct an incident response plan - Research Paper Example The metrics are further discussed in relation to what is to be measured in the policy, how it is to be measured and the kind of action to be performed with the information. This is to ensure that the policy is workable and makes sense in relation to the fact that the impacts can be quantified. In the Information Technology, being a continuously developing field, there are risks that come with dynamic nature of the field. The exposure to such risks, if not secured, normally leads to loss of income in the sector. These risks involve hacking, using the website for adverts among others (Beale et al., 2003).In addition, the risks deserve some scrutiny so as to understand how to tackle them. The policy is supposed to ensure that the risks that lead to vulnerability are taken into consideration so that they can be mitigated or reduced to the minimal state possible. Analysis of such risks will ensure that the firm does not experience unnecessary loses that could be controlled through the use of appropriate policies and institutional framework. The unsecured risks that include hacking are the major challenges experienced in the IT sector and, therefore, tackling it will be of a much relief to the firm. This will also make the firm outstanding in terms of competition since its products will not be able to be duplicated or pirated thus a fair competition (Johnson, 2013). Addressing the unsecured risks will ensure that the IT firm gets its profit to the maximum thus eliminating issues like retrenchments and early retirement that are proposed by the firm due to low profits. The employees will also be able to work in an IT secured environment whereby their personal information and their unique work that come from their expertise cannot be leaked to the public without their consent. Their work also cannot be lost due to the deliberate introduction of computer viruses by the competitors (Easttom, 2013). The policy will ensure that the

The Strategy of Alaska in Saudi Arabia Term Paper

The Strategy of Alaska in Saudi Arabia - Term Paper Example Alaska has an established Alaska Permanent Fund (APF)  that requires the government to invest at least a quarter of the revenue it earns from oil on behalf of its citizens. From these investments the APF has diversified mutual fund that has accumulated into a huge resource base in form of asset to the tune of about $28 billion dollar according to a report released in 2004 (Alaska Oil and Gas Association, 2015). Each year the government injects some amount from the oil revenue while they pay a dividend to the citizens annually through the Permanent Fund Divided scheme. For instance, in 2014 the government paid its citizens a total of $1,884 for each qualified Alaskan. The funds are managed through Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Alaska, oil revenue contributes about 92 percent of the total government revenue as of the year 2011. Half of the corporate shares are in the ownership of private and public pension and retirement schemes while individuals own 20% while 27% is owned by asset management companies and financial institutions (Alaska Oil and Gas Association, 2015). The board members and corporate executives own the remaining 3%. This has an implication that when the oil sector is performing well the benefits trickles down to the citizens equitably either through returns from mutual fund investments, pensions, etc. (Dyer & Al-Ghwell, 2012). Therefore, oil earnings benefit the citizens in many way including dividends, better economic growth from states and federal revenues, capital projects, and employment opportunities.

Internship report

Internship report Introduction My two-month internship in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation was a worthwhile experience as it helped me gain considerable and Professional knowledge about the way Moroccan diplomacy is exercised by carrying out different ministerial tasks and witnessing the way work is done in the ministry from translating documents to writing reports. My interest in International Studies and Political Science as an area of study goes back to my high school when I was keen on studying Philosophy, History and Geography. Although when I went to university I picked English Studies as my major, my growing interest in International Relations was reawaken after my three years of taking English Studies at Hassan II University, when I went to study Political Science at Beloit College under the PLUS Scholarship. The internship that I took in the ministry corresponds to my carrier interests and school major; it was also an opportunity to compare my experience as an intern at the Office of Tammy Baldwin in Beloit, Wisconsin that dated back to 2008 with my current internship in the ministry. My internship report is divided into four main sections; the first one is concerned with giving brief information about the ministry and its missions, the second one is concerned with duties and tasks that I was assigned to do in my internships, the third one is devoted to the knowledge and experience that I learned and finally the fourth section includes my critical assessment of my internship in the ministry by identifying the things that I want to change if I am to work in the ministry and comparing it to my previous internship in the USA. The Ministry Of Foreign Affairs The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation is one of the four ministries in Morocco in which the ministers are directly appointed by the king. It is concerned with the foreign policy of Morocco and managing its diplomatic relations with foreign countries and non-state actors like the UN. The current Foreign Minister is Mr. Taieb Fassi Fihri and his secretary general is Mrs. Latfia Akherbash. The ministry undertakes various operations that can be summarized into six missions: The first one is to drive the diplomatic action of Morocco by representing its interest at the international level, insuring the development of international cooperation and coordinating the foreign relations of Morocco. The second point is to serve as the official representative of the monarchy in front of foreign countries and international and regional organizations, therefore any communication or agreement between a foreign country and Morocco must first go through the ministry before reaching its direct destination in the kingdom. The third mission is to be involved in the preparations of conferences and meetings at the international level and represents the monarchy in those manifestations. The fourth missions are to conduct negotiations of agreements, conventions and treaties that have political and diplomatic character and to coordinate the economical, political and social engagements of Moro cco. Moreover, with the exception of treaties, the ministry has the power to renew or reject any argument if it is deemed to not be in the interest of the kingdom. The fifth mission is to afford the protection of the rights of Moroccans living abroad and foreign citizens taking refugee in the monarchy, in addition to that the ministry also coordinates the activities of the public services situated outside of the country. Finally the ministry has the responsibility to inform regularly the government about the status of Moroccos foreign relations. As far as the structure of the ministry is concerned, it is divided into two main sections: the direction of bilateral relations and the direction of Multilateral relations and global cooperation, the former directions is further divided into five divisions according to geographical locations such as Arab and Islamic Affairs Division , African Affairs Division, and American Affairs Division†¦.while the second direction is concerned with Moroccos relations with non-state actors, international organizations and multilateral cooperation. This direction contains many sub-directions like Protocol, Cultural and Scientific Cooperation Direction†¦My assigned department was the American Affairs Division which is divided into two main services: Political Affairs Service and Bilateral Cooperation Service, I was assigned to the Political Affairs Service practically in the American and Caribbean section. The way the American continent is divided in the ministry is based on linguistic ra ther geographic criteria, where Central and South America speak Spanish and Portuguese while in North America and the Caribbean it is English that dominates as the official language. As a result, two sections exist within the department of American Affairs one concerned with the region of Northern America and the Caribbean and the other concerned with Central and South America. The Political Affairs Service is mostly involved in the political and diplomatic aspects of Moroccos foreign policy in harmony with its relations with the American continent. it was interesting to notice the that Morocco before starting or renewing any relation with a country a huge emphasis is put on the Sahara issue which represent the national cause number one in the ministry. The main tasks of the direction are the diplomatic and political negotiations of bilateral accords and the coordination of the exterior engagements that can be economic, commercial or social. The Tasks That I Accomplished In The Ministry Of Foreign Affairs And Cooperation Mr. Abderrahim Errehali, who is responsible for the political affairs of the Americas, was my supervisor who introduced me to the personnel that work in the division, the most prominent characteristics that I noticed in the American Affairs division is the hierarchical structure that the ministry follows where the director of the American division, Mr. Fouad Yazourh, is at the head of the department followed by chief of the Political Affairs Division, who is my supervisor, and with an equal status is Mrs. Farida Loudaya Who is the chief of the Bilateral Cooperation Service, then followed by Mr. Mostafa Rezzouk. And finally the hierarchy ends with the personnel and the secretaries. The main tasks that I was assigned to do in my internship tend to fall on clerical duties that vary from translating documents to writing reports. One of the most frequent tasks that I was asked to do during my internship in the ministry was to translate documents mainly from English to Arabic or to French and vice versa, the task is of an immense importance to the ministry especially within my department, Since the monarchy has special relations with the US and it is crucial to make its points of view understood in America and vice versa. The documents that I was assigned to render, include official correspondence with various embassies of Northern America and Caribbean countries, conferences reports and the framework of future conferences The translation was a rewarding experience because it did not only make me sharpen my English vocabulary but also my French and Arabic ones, especially in the domain of diplomacy. the internship was also an opportunity to have an experience in mak ing formal translations by paying attention to the salutations and giving each political figure his own respect, a point which has to do with cultural difference between Arabic, French and English that must be carefully considered to avoid any misinterpretations and fatal errors . One of the most frequent tasks that I was assigned to undertake are conducting research and summarizing official documents and reports, the research process was an enriching activity as it was an opportunity me to learn much information about issues that demand thorough understanding in the ministry. I made research about various subjects like the speech that Obama delivered in Cairo in June 4, 2009, the economic crisis and its effects on governance and the new American ambassador Mr. Samuel L. Kaplan in Rabat†¦ It is also very important to be aware and have a critical analysis of the international events that does only have to do with Morocco but also with different countries in the world. For instance, in my department the expulsion of two Canadian diplomats by Russia in and its aftermath was an important event to write a report about and impart it to the director. hence, One of the tasks that are crucial in the ministry is to be updated of any report or article that mention Morocco, mainly from the American think tanks, and during my stay I was asked to prepare summaries about the main points mentioned about the kingdom in the human trafficking report published by the UN, the Economic Freedom Index published by the Heritage Foundation and also about two reports that appeared in the International Crisis Group website: one about the issue of Sahara and the other about the issue of Algerian armament. Furthermore, I was also asked to write congratulatory letters to congratulate particular countries for the celebration of their national days, my colleague in the office introduced me to the way congratulatory letters are written and I drafted three congratulatory letters for Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica and Saint Kitties. He also showed me other kinds of letters that are usually drafted in the ministry: like a letter to congratulate a particular country upon such events as winning elections or to express condolences for a sad event. In the second half of my internship I asked my supervisor if I can work on a project or an issue that is related to the American Department and he assigned me to do some research about the Free Trade Agreement between Morocco and the USA. In order to get access to the archives my supervisor introduced me to Mrs. Houda Zemmouri, the person responsible for the FTA agreement in the department, who provided me with access to the archives and showed me the summaries of the seminar â€Å"Maximizing Trade with the United States† that was held in Casablanca in 9 and 10 June, 2009. Mrs. Zemmouri advised me to make a general research about the FTA while paying attention to the current performance of the Moroccan economy and contrast it with similar Middle Eastern countries that signed free trade agreements with the USA, particularly Egypt and Jordan. The aim of utilizing comparison is to find Moroccos strong and weak points and culminating it by drawing recommendations in respect of the comparison results so that Morocco would efficiently benefit from the agreement. As far as my research methods are concerned, I relied on the documents from the archives that were provided to me by Mrs. Huda Zemmouri who was very accommodating and ready to lend a hand, I also relied on the internet, mainly the website of the FTA that provided the agreements articles online. In addition to that, the websites of the Moroccan newspapers such as La Vie Economique and L`Economist, were very useful. I began my research by giving a historical perspective of the US-Moroccan relation that dated back to 1978, when Morocco was the first country to recognize the independence of the United States, a fact that was mentioned by President Obama in his Cairo speech. Then I talked about the implementation of the FTA, its rules and how they are meet and my last part was devoted to contrast the performance of Morocco with the ones of Egypt and Jordan upon their signature of Free Trade Agreements and b ased on the comparison I made a conclusion by stating the importance of the FTA for both Morocco to make its economy more competitive and for the USA to take advantage of what Morocco offers and make an example to lead the MAFTA that is schedule to start in 2012. In the end, I presented my finished work to my supervisor who took a look at it and ask me to make some alteration to the final version. The Knowledge I Obtained From My Internship It was very interesting to notice the use of language in the ministry, although the official language in Morocco is Arabic, the language that is still frequently used in the office is French with some differences from one department to another, and what I have noticed is that whenever a letter from the US embassy is sent to the ministry that is concerned with the parliament or the place it is very important to follow the formal correspondence with Arabic equivalent. However, when the letter is directed to some other ministries, like Ministry of Finance, it is very important that a French translation must accompany the letter while the use of Arabic is rare, a thing that I also noticed when I was delving in the archives of the FTA between Morocco and USA where I seldom come across an Arabic document whereas there was a plethora of French files. When I was working on the project I noticed the way conference summaries were executed, mostly in French, with the first page being dedicated to the headings (subject, date) and the center is a summary of the main points that were discussed in the conference while the last page includes the names of the participants and their titles, phones and emails. Working on the project was very valuable because it made research an issue of utmost importance to Morocco and gain knowledge in it. For instance, the project added to my learning that the FTA was signed in 2004 but did enter into force until 2006 due to the issue of Moroccos concern about its economy and society to meet some US standards that are delicate to the kingdom, mainly the copyrights laws (TRIPS) and the consequences of the inflow of US agricultural products on Moroccos economy such as wheat and meeting the WHO SPSS requirements. It is interesting to notice that Morocco is the fourth country to sign an agreement with the US, upon the initiation of the FTA with the USA the volume of bilateral trade exchange between the two countries experienced an increase. The targeted industries in Morocco are textile, leather and agriculture. Furthermore, Morocco signed many free trade agreements countries with 54 countries. In my comparison I noticed that Morocco compared to Jordan and Egypt has higher labor cost in addition to its reliance on European countries to buy fiber in contrast with the geographic proximity of Egypt and Jordan to cheap fiber suppliers such as: India an Turkey. I learned a lot of information by reading various reports that are published by different US think tanks like World Heritage and International Crisis The issue of Sahara is vital to Moroccos foreign policy as it the national cause number one that the morocco is working to solve through diplomatic means by persuading countries to not recognize RASD or to suspend their recognition for countries that already have relation with Polisario. in my internships I went into discussions about the subject and the countries that recognize the Polis Rio while none of the major powers recognize it, of the 46 countries that recognize RASD, most of them come from Africa and Latin America particularly in the Caribbean where the only country that has never recognized RASD there is Bahamas and among those who recognized RASD only Saint Lucia and Dominica canceled their recognition in 1989 and Dominican republic in 2002. In addition to that, of the four 4 countries that does not recognize RASD were in favor three of them voted in favor of the Algerian proposal in 2006 a fact which portray to the need of more diplomatic relations. The fact that Caribbe an countries recognized RASD did not hinder Morocco from establishing political and economic and cultural relations with the Caribbean. For instance, as afar as cultural cooperation is concerned, there is a program that is funded by the ministry that grants scholarships to Caribbean students to study in Al Akhawayn University. However, Morocco did only cut its diplomatic relations with two major countries in the region Cuba in 1980 and Venezuela in 2009 due to their recognition of RASD and establishment of its embassies in their countries. The wide concern in the United States over the rise of the radical left in America particularly in Venezuela and Bolivia was also a shared concern for Morocco, leftist government mainly those forming alliance with Hugo or what is called the populist left in contrast with the center left of Brazil and Chile as they have the potential to support polisario. I gain enormous knowledge of the Caribbean countries during my internship, although the region is geographical small with 17 countries. The most striking point that I learned, apart from the fact of being the highest place that support polisario, is the way it constituted, as many countries in central America and South America are also included in the area. Like Belize, Surinam, cooperative republic of Guyana which are belong to that area fro historical, linguistic and cultural reasons as most of those countries speak English and tend to have a rupture with the Spanish countries in Central and South America. In addition to Venezuela that has strong presence there. The region is untied under one regional organization called CARICOM (Caribbean Community) where only 2 countries are not included: Cuba and the Dominican Republic. The Vienna convention: The two major incidents that marked the Ministry was when Ben abdellah was asked to come to Morocco and the case of Norwegian embassy and its complicity in the abduction of the two children of the former athlete Mr. Sekkah Benefits of Translation the nature of working in public administration particularly in the ministry The way diplomatic relations are conducted: length and time that treaties and agreements take, signing treating between two countries is very demanding process that takes a long time due to the aim of the two countries to avoid any misunderstanding that would jeopardize their agreement, and this is why the process of translation is a huge where the main task is to compare the original document and its translation to see if there are any words that might alter the meaning of the treaty. The courses that helped me in the process: US-Maghreb Relations: FTA, Piracy, The Elements That I Want To Alter In The Ministry My internship in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation was a rewarding; however my experience in the ministry could have been more beneficial and effective if certain conditions were provided. First, the AUI should provide student who are willing to intern in the ministry with contact information of Alumni student working in the ministry so as to make the incoming interns aware of the nature of the work they should be expecting and provide them with sources to answer questions they have about their internship. Second, it would more effective if student know of their assigned department ahead of time so that they will not be surprised by their department on their first day in addition to make them avoid going through the transfer. Third, taking particular classes before doing an internship will be helpful, mainly the courses of Moroccan Foreign Policy and Research Methodology as many of the assigned task are related to doing research and writing reports and summaries. Concerning the nature of work in the ministry I would make a list of think tanks and Particular newspapers to be checked out daily, Preparing some daily work that can be done daily like looking for articles that mention Morocco in newspapers. The personnel should have some seminars of latest innovations in computer and Information technology to keep them updated of what is new in this domain, therefore enhancing their performance. To improve my research and writing report skills Comparison The main points that I noticed in comparing both my internship experience in the USA with the one in Morocco has to do with the extensive of use such tasks as translation while they are quite absent in USA. In both instance I notice the importance of the media and checking it on daily basis to look for article that mention Tammy Baldwin and those that mention morocco Responding to phone calls Writing support letters, organizing the archives, faxing newspaper articles and call sheets, searching for grants and bills The constituent call sheet Emails accounts Clothes and formality Conclusion The internship was a golden opportunity to broaden my experience in diplomacy and moroccos foreign policy by witnessing how diplomacy is exercised in the ministry. I learned valuable information and gained a professional experience that is relevant and directly related to major.